Emulsion



39 Preparations for this 49 led to the followin atented hlov. 22, E32

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.LQNG 13m, NEW YORK, A CGRPQBATION YTOWN, AND TQN', NEW Y0, MIGEIOBS '10BENhIETT-MACK CORPORATION, 03 DQUGLASTQN,

oneness w. BENNETT, or Donates- OF NEW YORK Immersion Bo Erasing.

This invention relates to acompositionof matter, and a method ofproducing the same, in the form of an emulsion to he applied to the facefor shaving purposes.

The object of this invention is to reduce a finished emulsionparticularly usetul as a shaving preparation or as a Preparation for theskin which is more eilective for the purpose than reparations now used,thereby increasing e ciency.

With this and other objects in view, the invention consists in the novelcomposition of matter or emulsion, as well as the novel steps andcombination of steps constituting the process h which it is produced,all as will he more ully hereinafter disclosed andparticularly pointedout in the claim.

In order that the precise invention may he more clearly understood, itis said: Form erly, the generally used practice in shaving was toapplyto the area to he shaved, 'or make thereon, a lather or foam orsoap and water. As a working hypothesis to explain the generallyaccepted use ofsoap lather in shaving, it may he said that it providedthe most readily available material which combined the roperties ofsoftening the hair and furnishing adegree of mechanical support for thesame so that it might be cut hy the razor.

purpose belong, therefore to the lathering ty e.

' 'Latterly, emulsions oi the oil-in-vwa'ter type were introduced toreplace the soap lather.

These preparations belong to the latherless type, since no foam orlather is produced. As

compared with soap lather, these emulsions appear to have at least asgreat softening power, and greater supporting power.

@ur studyof the operation of shaving has conclusions 1. The passage 0?the razor over the face is unavoidably conducive to the production ofminor abrasions of the skin. These are largeiy of a cutaneous orsuperficial nature, rather than sub-cutaneous. They are not of such agross nature as to be visible to the naked eye, in most part, butconsist of a multiplicity of small trauma of the skin.

2. Soap is irritating to such abraded or.- 59 traumatized surfaces.

. theory of therein of soap, and

Apgalioation filed Heron 7, 1930. i Serial No. 43%,178.

3. The oil-in-Water latherless emulsions used for shaving usuallycontain sea and are therefore irritating to such abraided or traumatized surfaces, although somewhat less so than straight soap lather.

4. Shaving with either of the above mentioned types of shafvinpreparations is accompanied by rubefactlon and irritation of the skin,which condition persists after the completion of the shaving operation.I

5. It is common practice withfishavers-to allay this irritation and theresulting discomfort by the application of lotions, skin balms or otheremollients. f

6. (lur finding as, to the irritating edect of soap on abraded ortraumatized skin surface is in accord with the generally acceptedselective adsorption.

In the invention now to be described, all the above objections are doneaway with, as will presently appear. have discovered that shavingpreparations may be improved b avoiding the presence y incorporatingtherein the proper emollients. We have further discovered that a largepart of the discomfort and skinirrit'ation connected with shaving i v isavoided or alloyed by the use "of our im- 2. Water soluble syntheticssuch as diethyl-amino-ethyl-p-amino-benzoate hydrochloride.

3. Dificultly soluble derivatives of henzoic acid such as ethyl-p-aminobenzoate, propyl-p-amino benzoate.

- We have discovered that one or more representatives of the abovegroups may be beneficially used in our improved preparation, but ourpreferred practice is to use one or more members of the third group, andparticularly ethyl-p-amino benzoate, or any ester of amino benzoic acidor derivatives thereof. Using ethyl-p-amino benzoate as a preferredmember of this group, we find that it is non-irritant and non-toxic. Insupport of this, Braun-Harris in Local Anaesthesia (1924 edition) page111, says This a cut, (ethyl-p-amino benzoate) according to inz andKobert, is non-toxic and according to the reports of von Noorden andLingemann can be used for anaesthetic purposes in the same manner asorthoform, relieving pain for a considerable period without the sec-'ondary effects observed following this drug in cases of nervoushyperesthesia of the stomach and ulcus ventriculi. It should be takenten to fifteen minutes before eating, 2.5 grams being considered themaximum daily dose Injurious secondary efi'ects have never been noticed.

The Dispensatory of the U. S. A., (21st Ed. 1926, pages 83-84) saysethyl amino benzoate is remarkable I among the local anaesthetics firstfor its comparative insolubility and second for its lack of toxicityKennel has reported a case in which 40 grains were administered to apatient without apparent ill-effect the anaesthetic effect is almostentirely on the nerve terminals; that is, it has very little effect onthe nerve trunks as compared for example to cocaine.

We have discovered that especially ethylp-amino benzoate, whenincorporated in our improved emulsionv or preparation exercisessuflicient anaesthetic effect to notably decrease the discomforts andirritation attendant upon the ordinary shaving operation, as well as toalmost entirely eliminate the distressing after effects.

In order to prepare our improved shaving preparations, we proceed in thefollowing manner:

A fat phase is prepared by melting to gether at 112 degrees cent. 9 to12 parts of stearlc acid, 6 to 8 parts of cocoanut oil, 6 to. 8 parts ofparafline'wax, and 0.15 to 0.20 parts of zinc stearate. The mixture iscooled to 75 degrees cent., and 0.8 to 3 parts of ethyl-p-amino benzoatedissolved therein. The temperature of the mixture is then lowered to -65degrees cent.

'A water phase of the following composition is then prepared. 5.5 to 7.5parts of glycerine, 0.8 to 1.1 parts of borax, 0.3 to 0.4 parts ofammonia, are dissolved in 56-75 parts of water. The temperature israised to 50-60 degrees cent. This water phase is gradually added to theabove fat hase, the utter being continuously and t oroughly stirred ina; manner to assist in emulsification, all in accord with practicesfamiliar and well known tov those skilled in the art of emulsionmaking;- A perfume consisting of 2 gms. of a bouquetperfume, 1% s. ofbay oil, and 1 gm. of menthol may fiadded to the finished emulsion, tothe extent of 0.2 to 0.25 part.

We may substitute other local anaesthetics in the above emulsion or wemay use two or more in combination. Thus for example.

we may take the above emulsion which is anaesthetic or has localanaesthetic properties, and in order to make the anaesthetic propertiesmore pronounced, we may add one or more local anaesthetics to thealready anaesthetic emulsion. Or the extra anaesthetic may be addedduring the process of making. For instance We may use propyl p-aminobenzoate in combination wlth ethyl-p-amino' benzoate, or we may use amember or members of the other groups or types as benzoyl-l-ecgoninemethyl ester or di-ethyl-aminoethyl-p-amino benzoate hydrochloride. Theemulsion ma be made as strongly anaesthetic as desire as for example theuse of 5 per cent of ethyl-p-amino benzoate causes almost completeanaesthesia of the skin. With di-ethyl-amino-ethyl-pamino-benzoatehydrochloride or benzoyl-lecgonine methyl ester, much-smaller quantitiesare required.

While the above formula is our. preferred composition, it is obviousthat those skilled in the art of emulsion making may vary theproportions of the in edients as much as fifteen percent in eith rdirection, without substantialy altering the properties of the resultingemulsion, and hence without departing from the spirit of our invention.It is also evident that one skilled in the art may substitute for someof the constituents other substances of similar pro erties, with theresult that emulsions w1ll e produced having the novel properties whichwe have discovered, as will be more fully pointed out in the claim. Toillustrate, stearic acid may be substituted by an equivalent amount ofother fatty acids, e. g. palmitic. Oocoannt oil may be substituted byother vegetable oils of approximately the same melting point, e. g. palmoil. For parafline, there may substituted other waxes of approximatelythe same melting oint, e. g. spermacetti. Zmc stearate may besubstituted by any agent tending to produce an emulsion of thewaterin-oil type, as for instance the oil-soluble soaps, e. g. magnesiumoleate. For ethyl-pamino benzoate there may be used other nontoxic localanaesthetics, e. g. other members of the group of difiicultly solublederivatives of benzoic acid, as propyl-p-amino benzoate, or members ofthe other groups glven above, as for instancediethyl-amino-ethyl-p-amino-benzoate h drochloride. Glycerine may besubstituted by glycols of suitable properties, e. g. ethylene glycol.Borax may be subbe m 1,88a,eo1

stituted by other soluble alkali borates, e. g. potassium or ammoniumborate. For ammonia there may be used an equivalent quantity ofasubstituted amine, e. g. one or more of the ethanol amines.

An emulsion of similar appearance may be made from the above formula,omitting the zinc stearate; or omitting the agent for emulsifying waterin oil, but we have found that such an emulsion lacks the peculiarquality or body which the presence of the water inoil emulsifierconfers, and this property we have found advantageous in shavingpreparations. This novel property persists in our improved emulsion, notonly in the mass, but more especially when the emulsion is spread outand worked onto the area to be shaved.

The oilin-water emulsifying agent is furnished by the inter-action ofthe ammonia with the stearic acid. It is pointed out that the calculatedratio of acid to base in the water phase shows 10-15 ercent excess ofboric acid over the stochiometric ratio as orthoborates. We havediscovered that the emulsion is stabilized by the addition of borax. Inother words, if the borax is omitted the emulsion loses ammoniaprogressively, becoming unstable, with a loss of properties.

It is to be noted that the emulsion'made by our preferred formula is adouble emulsion and contains both water-in-oil and oilin-wateremulsifying agents, with an excess of the latter, furnishing a mediumwhich will obviously take up either oil or water to an extent, withoutserious change in the property of body or viscosity. This furnishes anagent, therefore, which will take up both oil and water which maysurround the hair, and still furnish superior supporting power to holdthe hair for the shaving operation.

- Our improved preparation is used in the same manner as theoil-in-water types referred to above. It is spread over the wettedsurface to be shaved and worked onto this area. The shaving is done witha wetted razor.

Menthol is used in our preparation as a perfume. .We do not claim itsuse, being aware that shaving preparations have'been made containingmenthol in suificient quant ty to stimulate the nerves for theperception of cold and by so doing tending to lessen the immediatediscomfort in shaving by accentuation of another sensation, namely, the

perception of cold.

It is obvious that those skilled in the art of emulsion making niay varythe composition of our shaving preparation or emulsion, and theconditions and details of producing the same, without departing from thespirit of. our invention, and we do not wish to be limited to the abovedisclosure except as may be required by the claim..

What we claim is An emulsion substantially devoid of an alkali soap andcomposed of In testimony whereof we aflix our signatures.

EDWARD L. MACK. CHARLES W. BENNETT.

